镀锌板机器人焊接缺陷控制方法研究

为了减少焊接缺陷以及不合格品返修的次数,从而降低生产成本,文章研究了薄板镀锌板焊接工艺的优化方法,分析了镀锌板机器人焊接中焊缝烧穿、咬边、气孔、弧坑等变形缺陷产生原因,提出了优化焊接程序、零件组合间隙、熔滴过渡方式、焊接姿态、船型位置焊接、焊接速度及选用后倾焊接方法、反变形等预防措施,结果显示焊接缺陷得到有效控制,焊缝一次合格率达到95%以上,大幅降低了返修成本,具有重大意义。     

Prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion of a typical block in fabrication of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform

Out-of-plane welding distortions of block structures during fabrication of offshore structure will significantly influence its dimensional accuracy and production schedule. Taking a B514 block of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform as research object, typical welded joints and their welding conditions were summarized based on actual welding procedure specification (WPS). Effective thermal elastic plastic (TEP) finite element (FE) analysis with parallel computation technology was carried out to examine thermal-mechanical response. Welding inherent deformations, which are considered as the elementary cause of welding distortion, were then evaluated. With welding inherent deformations as mechanical loading, elastic finite element (FE) analysis was then employed to predict dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, which has a good agreement with measurement data. In order to ensure the fabrication accuracy with less out-of-plane welding distortion, inverse deformation approach was applied to reduce the out-of-plane welding distortion, and influence of welding sequence on out-of-plane welding distortion was also examined. Both mitigation practices have obvious effect on dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, while corresponding mechanical mechanisms were also clarified.     

船舶焊接末端受电抖振及其电频细化研究

船舶焊接领域中，钢板等焊接不可避免的会产生焊接残余应力，针对这一问题，文章通过分析焊接机器人焊枪末端受电抖振及其扰动等影响来揭示其响应规律。首先通过搭建的焊接模型阐明焊接过程动力学特性，然后研究不同特性电弧力对焊枪运动稳定性的影响，探索末端焊枪作业稳定性与焊接区电弧力及电源频率等参量之间响应关系，并对多组不同驱动电频下的焊接运动进行动力学仿真，得到电频变化与电弧力的对应规律。研究表明，焊接电源频率的有效细化有利于末端焊枪焊接运动过程的平稳，且发现最优焊接电源频率在10HZ邻域时焊枪末端动态振动最小，通过控制电源频率大小能明显抑制焊枪振动，在一定程度上降低残余应力大小，有利于船舶焊接表面质量的提高。     

公共交通乘客个体活动链的日相似性研究

刷卡数据为研究公共交通乘客长期出行规律提供了数据基础.利用北京市2018年 4~5月的刷卡数据，通过提取乘客活动地，推断居住地位置和识别活动类型3个步骤构建乘客个体活动链；基于PrefixSpan算法提取普通卡、老年卡、学生卡乘客活动链的频繁序列模式，采 用Levenshtein距离度量3类乘客活动链日维度的相似性.结果表明：每类用户中约70%乘客的频繁活动序列是对称模式；普通卡和学生卡用户的相似性高于老年卡用户，平均值分别为 0.645、0.649和0.530；3类乘客的工作日与非工作日活动链具有明显差异，而工作日之间或非工作日之间具有较高相似性.本文有助于定量解析公共交通乘客的出行活动规律，为科学优化公共交通服务提供依据.     

铝合金地铁车辆端部结构总成焊接变形控制

文章根据铝合金地铁车辆端部结构主要焊缝的形式和焊缝在结构中的分布位置,对焊接应力产生的变形进行分析,并通过调整施焊顺序、预制焊接反变形和控制焊接参数等有效的工艺控制措施,减少焊接变形,降低调校工作量,保证产品质量。     

不同焊接顺序下加筋板变形及残余应力的三维有限元研究

针对焊接过程的二维有限元计算与实际情况存在一定差别的问题，使用三维热弹-塑性有限元法对不同焊接顺序下加筋板焊接过程进行了仿真，获得了加筋板焊接引起的温度场、位移场和应力场。结果表明：在4点约束条件下，加筋板横截面的变形为中垂变形，纵筋的变形为中拱变形，方案1横截面变形更小，方案2纵筋变形更小。焊接引起的加筋板残余应力主要表现为横向应力，其在近焊缝区为拉应力，达到材料屈服强度，远离焊缝区表现为压应力，达到0.2倍材料屈服强度。加强筋横向应力峰值出现在起弧端和收弧端，约为0.85倍材料屈服强度，纵向应力峰值出现在焊接起弧端，约为0.3倍材料屈服强度。在加筋板横截面位置，焊接顺序主要影响加强筋处的残余应力；在加强筋位置，焊接顺序主要影响纵向应力。每组焊缝同时同向焊接，且每根纵筋从左向右依次焊接的焊接方案产生更小的残余应力。     

AGV与传统焊装线融合应用

为加快焊装线体结构转型升级,助力汽车行业蓬勃发展,提出了1种由AGV与传统焊装线深度融合的新型焊装产线结构,并在年产15万辆纲领的焊装线上得到实际应用,取得成功。这种焊装产线结构由中央控制系统、AGV、AGV管控系统、精密夹具定位系统、六轴机器人、电伺服焊钳等组成,达到了去平台化限制、一线多产、跨区车型兼容生产的柔性效果。     

Optimal reefer slot conversion for container freight transportation

Given a fleet of container ships of varying capacity, a cost-efficient approach for improving fleet utilization and reducing the number of delayed containers is to optimize the sequence of container ships in a given string, a problem which belongs to the large ship-deployment class. A string sequence with ‘uniformly’ distributed ship capacity is more likely to accommodate a random container shipment demand. The number of one’s total ship slots acts as a gauge of the capacity of the container ships. Meanwhile, there are two types of ship slots: dry slots and reefer slots. A dry slot only accommodates a dry container, while a reefer slot can accommodate either a dry or a reefer container. The numbers of dry and reefer slots for ships in a string are different. Therefore, in this study, we propose a model that considers both dry and reefer slots and use it to elucidate the optimal ship-deployment sequence. The objective is to minimize the delay of dry and reefer containers when the demand is uncertain. Furthermore, based on the optimal sequence deduced, the study also investigates the need to convert some dry slots to reefer slots for the container ships.     

Influence of the welding sequence on residual stress and distortion of fillet welded structures

T-joints are one of the most common welded joints used in the construction of offshore structures, including ships and platforms. In the present study, a sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model that considers temperature-dependent material properties, high temperature effects and a moving volumetric heat source was used to investigate the effect of welding sequence on the residual stresses and distortions in T-joint welds. The parameters of Goldak's double ellipsoidal heat source model were predicted using a neural network. The numerical models were successfully validated by the experimental tests. The results show that the welding sequences have significant effects on the residual stresses and distortions, both in the magnitude and distribution mode. The optimization of the welding sequences should be investigated numerically or experimentally before the construction welded structure.     

双壳体减摇鳍鳍箱建造工艺

针对双壳体减摇鳍鳍箱大开口、双壳体、重量大、内侧和原设计施焊操作困难的特点,作出了具体的分析,介绍从材料准备到装焊、验收等制作过程,采用新方案,大大降低了焊工的劳动强度,提高了功效,保证了焊接质量。